Divergent tasks and their application in teaching thermodynamics at elementary schools

Authors

  • Gabriela Kaufnerová Pedagogical faculty, University of West Bohemia, Plzeň

Abstract

This paper is based on experience with the use of divergent tasks in teaching thermodynamics at the second stage of elementary school and shows their inclusion in the phases of exposure, application, consolidation, and diagnosis of the subject matter. It describes tasks based on drawing, "black box" situations, and the creation of one's own verbal and pictorial examples of heat, changes of state, and latent heat. It presents a system of point, verbal, and formative assessment of student work. The study offers specific, realistically verified ideas on how to systematically develop creative and qualitative thinking in physics.

Published

2025-11-30

How to Cite

Kaufnerová, G. (2025). Divergent tasks and their application in teaching thermodynamics at elementary schools. MATHEMATICS–PHYSICS–INFORMATICS, 34(4), 283–298. Retrieved from https://www.mfi.upol.cz/index.php/mfi/article/view/1035

Issue

Section

Physics